A NETWORK:A physical or logical connections of tow or more computers.
Networking: Physical or logical connections of two or more computers in order to share resources like Printer,scanner,Hard Disk(HDD, Floppy disk drive(FDD) etc...
Networks are three types:
1)LAN - short distances, up to few meters
2)MAN - 30 meters
3)WAN - Unlimited almost
of course CAN -> Campus are network using wireless routers.
Technically LAN - Intranet; WAN - Internet.
1.2 Types of Topologies
1.Bus Topology
2.Ring Topology
3.Mesh Topology
4.Star Topology
1.2.1 BUS TOPOLOGY
Advantages of Bus Topology
1.Easy To Design
2.Low Cost
Disadvantages
1.Not suggested for large size N/w (network)
2.Single point of failure can collapse entire n/w
3.Generate low-bandwidth then produce High Traffic
1.2.2 RING TOPOLOGY
Advantages of Ring Topologies
1.Easy to Design
2.Easy to troubleshoot
3.Single point of failure cannot collapse entire N/w
4.Generate High Band width than produce low traffic
Disadvantages
Not suggested for large sized N/w's
1.2.3 MESH TOPOLOGY
Advantages of Mesh Topologies
1.Sugggested for small sized N/w
2.Generate High B/w then produce low traffic
Disadvantages
1.Difficult to troubleshoot
2.Over Expensive
1.2.4 STAR TOPOLOGY
Advantages of star Topologies
1.Easy to design/Easy to trouble shooting
2.Single point of failure cannot colapse entire N/W
3.Suggested for large size N/W
Disadvantages
Expensive
1.3 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR LAN
Hardwares and requirements : NIC + CONNECTERS +CABLES +DEVICES
Software : OS + Drivers + Protocol + Serivces + clients
1.4 PERSONEL COMPUTERS (PC's)
It is an electronic device which works on +5,+12,-5,-12,+3.3 volts DC (these voltage requirements are for MotherBoard)
1.4.1 PC Internal Process
-----------------------------
| |
| USER |
----------------------------
||
\ /
-----------------------------
| KeyBoard/Mouse |
-----------------------------
||
\ /
-----------------------------
| M.P (Micro processor) |
-----------------------------
/ \
|| || ||
\ / \ /
----------------------------- -----------------------------
----------- | RAM | = > | DISPLAY CARD |
| | / \ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
| | | | | |
\ / | | | | | |
------------ | | \ /
| HDD | \ / |Monitor |
------------ OPTICAL | |
| |
\ /
| USER |
1.4.2 System Internal Languages
User -> A to Z , 0-9(Number , Alpha)
KeyBoard/Mouse -> Binary -> [1 0][0 1]
Microprocessor/MotherBoard -> Electrical Voltage [0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5]
HDD/FDD -> Magnetic -> [SNSNSN]; S-south pole N-North Pole
CD/DVD -> Optical [L P L P L P L P] -> [Pits Lands]
1.4.3 NIC Cards
It is called as N/W adapter, Ethernet Adapter, LAN Card , Internet Card
Network Cards are available in two Modules :-
1.On Board N/w Card
2.Add on N/W card ( PCI slots)
Network interfaces are two types :-
1.BNC -> British N/W cards
2.RJ 45 -> Redundant Jack
NIC has a unique address, it is called as
MAC -> Media Access Control adress
MAC is a 48-bit hexa-decimal address
EX:- 00-10-AC-1B-9F-8E
To view NIC MAC address
start - Run -CMD - IPConfig/all GetMac
1.4.4 CABLES
--------------- Co-Axial Cable (Data language Electrical)
Cables --------- --------------- Twisted Pair (Magnetic)
--------------- Fiber Cable (Optical)
-------------- 10Base2
Coaxial -------------
-------------- 10Base5
-------------- UTP
Twisted-------------
-------------- STP
-------------- Single Core
FiberCable -------------
-------------- Multi Core
These type of cables are used in BUS,RING and Mesh Topologies.
1.4.4.1 Coaxial cables
Coaxial cable are two types 10Base2 and 10Base5 ;
10Base2 Maximum data transfering rate 200m [Exactly 175m]
10Base5 Maximum data transfering rate 500m
1.4.4.2 Twisted Pair
These types of cables are used in
* Present STAR TOPOLOGY
Twisted pair cable has 8 internal wires
1.orange wire,.Orange - white
2.Green wire, Green -White
3.Blue wire , Blue - white
4.Brown, Brown - White
Twisted pair cables are two types * UTP and STP
UTP -> Unschielded twisted pair
STP -> Scheilded twisted pair
Note: Difference between UTP and STP
UTP supports Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI)
STP doesnt support EMI
Maximum data transferring Length = 70 meters
1.4.4.3 Fiber Cable
These type of cables are used in WAN Topology. That is between many networks. Fiber cable data transferring is very high up to 3 km.
Fiber Cables are two types
1.SINGLE CORE
2.MULTI CORE
1.4.5 Connectors : T-connector & RJ - 45 Jack
T-Connectors have 3 - phases
1. INPUT PHASE
2.OUTPUT PHASE
3. SYSTEM PHASE
T-connector supports coaxial cables only!
RJ-45 These types of connectors used in star topology
It has 8 PINS which supports twisted pair and Fiber Cables
These type of cables are used in BUS,RING and Mesh Topologies.
1.4.4.1 Coaxial cables
Coaxial cable are two types 10Base2 and 10Base5 ;
10Base2 Maximum data transfering rate 200m [Exactly 175m]
10Base5 Maximum data transfering rate 500m
1.4.4.2 Twisted Pair
These types of cables are used in
* Present STAR TOPOLOGY
Twisted pair cable has 8 internal wires
1.orange wire,.Orange - white
2.Green wire, Green -White
3.Blue wire , Blue - white
4.Brown, Brown - White
Twisted pair cables are two types * UTP and STP
UTP -> Unschielded twisted pair
STP -> Scheilded twisted pair
Note: Difference between UTP and STP
UTP supports Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI)
STP doesnt support EMI
Maximum data transferring Length = 70 meters
1.4.4.3 Fiber Cable
These type of cables are used in WAN Topology. That is between many networks. Fiber cable data transferring is very high up to 3 km.
Fiber Cables are two types
1.SINGLE CORE
2.MULTI CORE
1.4.5 Connectors : T-connector & RJ - 45 Jack
T-Connectors have 3 - phases
1. INPUT PHASE
2.OUTPUT PHASE
3. SYSTEM PHASE
T-connector supports coaxial cables only!
RJ-45 These types of connectors used in star topology
It has 8 PINS which supports twisted pair and Fiber Cables
